Know about Diamonds

Diamond

Diamond is the hardest known natural material and the third-hardest known material after aggregated diamond nanorods and ultrahigh frequency. Its hardness and high dispersion of light make it useful for industrial applications and jewelry.

The 5Cs and things to know about Diamonds

Cut

The cut of a diamond refers to its proportions. Of the 5c's,the cut is the aspect most directly influenced by man. The other three are dictated by nature. Quite often the cut of a diamond is confused with its shape. Diamonds are cut into various shapes, depending upon the original form of the rough. Whatever the shape, a well-cut diamond is better able to reflect light. A diamond's ability to reflect light determines its display of fire and brilliance. Diamonds are usually cut with 58 facets. These facets follow a mathematical formula and are placed at precise angles in relation to each other. This relationship is designed to maximize the amount of light reflected through the diamond and to increase its beauty.

The cut, or proportions, of a diamond is measured in percentages relative to the diameter of it's girdle. The girdle diameter of each diamond is always considered 100%. The table and depth percentages are the key to determining good proportion Diamond's brilliance comes from the quality of its cut. To be considered well cut, a diamond must have the right proportions, symmetry and polish. A well-cut stone is carefully crafted and polished until it sparkles. Its brilliance and fire are apparent because the stone delivers the maximum amount of light passing through it to the eye.

The earliest record of diamond-polishing (with diamond powder) is Indian, and probably dates from the fourteenth century. There are also contemporary references to the practice of diamond polishing in Venice. The earliest reference to diamond cutting is in l550 in Antwerp, the most important diamond center of the period, where a diamond-cutters' guild was soon to be established.

	Cut Too Shallow When a diamond is cut too shallow, light escapes through the bottom, reducing the brilliance of the stone, making the general appearance watery glassy and dark.
	Cut Too Deep When a diamond is cut too deep, light escapes through the bottom, reducing the brilliance of the stone, making the center appear dark.
	Ideal Cut Light entering the diamond reflects internally from facet to facet and is reflected back out only through the top. Therefore, an ideal cut yields maximum brilliance.

An Ideal cut employs the strict mathematical proportions referenced below. Ideal cuts apply only to round diamonds, because symmetry is required for maximum light reflection. But an ideal cut is not possible in every case. The rough diamond's natural inclusions, or imperfections, sometimes make it impossible to apply perfect proportions during the cutting process.

A Very Good cut reflects back up to 90 percent of the light entering the stone. An ideal cut is considered extremely well-proportioned.

A Good cut applies to a stone that reflects back lots of light. Stones with good cuts are often used in high-quality jewelry.

A Fair cut is used to make the most of the weight of the original stone, which tends to reduce its brilliance and fire. A fair cut reflects back as little as 50 percent of the light that has passed through the diamond. A Poor cut diamond looks lifeless to the eye. We do not offer poorly cut diamonds for sale to our customers, and we don't recommend them for fine jewelry. When you consider a diamond's cut, you should also check the diamond's specifications against the following table to determine whether the polish, symmetry, girdle and culet of the diamond fall within acceptable standards.

How is diamond cut8i

The expression, "a rough diamond" is used to describe a diamond in its natural uncut state. They so resemble a glass pebble that most people would pass them without a glance. It is the skill of a diamond cutter that unlocks the fiery beauty that lies inside.

Modern diamond cutting is scientifically planned to take the best advantage of a diamond's natural properties. First, because no two diamonds are alike, each has to be studied very carefully and marked for cutting. Some diamonds are cleaved or split along their "grain" like a log, but most diamonds are sawn across the grain by a thin metal disc coated with diamond dust and revolving at high speed.

After cleaving or sawing, the diamond is set into a lathe, and its corners are rounded off at its widest part by another diamond held against it. This is called bruiting or girdling. Next the diamond is set into a holder and held against a cast-iron "turntable" which is coated with a mixture of oil and diamond dust and which revolves at great speed. One by one, the facets tiny planes or surfaces that trap the light and make the diamond sparkle are ground onto the diamond.

Because diamonds are the hardest natural substances known to man, they can be only cut and polished by another diamond. The beauty of the diamond depends on the way it reflects light. The cutter must shape the facets in such a way as to admit and reflect the maximum amount of light, so that the diamond sparkles with fire, brilliance and scintillation.

Considerable skill and painstaking effort go into cutting the rough stones. It is this work and craftsmanship, which enhances the rarity and value of the stone.

For more information about 4C's Diamonds please visit this page:
http://www.djewelsindia.com/diamond_tutorials.asp

Clarity

The clarity of a diamond refers to how clear, or "clean" the diamond is. The more "clean" the diamond, the higher the price. Most diamonds have "imperfections" in them. The clarity scale is a measure of the severity of those imperfections or "inclusions" as it is known in the trade.

Both of these distinguishable features together are called clarity characteristics. A clarity grade is determined by the relative absence of clarity characteristics.

The following is the GIA Diamond clarity-scale:

(FL) FLAWLESS

Shows no inclusions or blemishes of any sort under 10X magnification when observed by an experienced grader

(IF) INTERNALLY FLAWLESS

Has no inclusions when examined by an experienced grader using 10X magnification, but will have some minor blemishes

(VVS1 and VVS2) VERY VERY SLIGHTLY INCLUDED

Contains minute inclusions that are difficult even for experienced graders to see under 10X magnification.

(VS1 and VS2) VERY SLIGHTLY INCLUDED

Contains minute inclusions such as small crystals, clouds, or feathers when observed with effort under 10X magnification.

(SI1 and SI2) SLIGHTLY INCLUDED

Contains inclusions (clouds, included crystals, knots, cavities, and feathers) that are noticeable to an experienced grader under 10X magnification.

(I1, I2, I3) INCLUDED

Contains inclusions (possibly large feathers or large included crystals) that are obvious under 10X magnification and may affect transparency and brilliance.

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